Li-valve li ka fumanoa hoo e batlang e le kae kapa kae kajeno: malapeng a rona, tlas'a seterata, mehahong ea khoebo le libakeng tse likete tse ka har'a limela tsa motlakase le metsi, lifeme tsa pampiri, litlhōlisano, limela tsa lik'hemik'hale le lisebelisoa tse ling tsa indasteri le lisebelisoa.
Indasteri ea li-valve e hlile e na le mahetla a pharaletseng, ka likarolo tse fapaneng ho tloha kabong ea metsi ho ea ho matla a nyutlelie ho ea holimo le tlaase ho metsi le khase.E 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea liindasteri tsena tsa basebelisi ba ho qetela e sebelisa mefuta e meng ea motheo ea li-valve;leha ho le joalo, lintlha tsa kaho le thepa hangata li fapane haholo.Mohlala ke ona:
METSI SEBETSA
Lefatšeng la kabo ea metsi, likhatello li batla li le tlase ka linako tsohle le mocheso o le teng.Lintlha tseo tse peli tsa ts'ebeliso li lumella palo ea likarolo tsa moralo oa li-valve tse neng li ke ke tsa fumanoa lisebelisoa tse phephetsoang joalo ka li-valve tsa mocheso o phahameng oa mocheso.Thempereichara ea tikoloho ea ts'ebeletso ea metsi e lumella tšebeliso ea li-elastomer le litiiso tsa rabara tse sa lokelang libakeng tse ling.Lisebelisoa tsena tse bonolo li lumella li-valve tsa metsi hore li hlomeletsoe ho koala li-drop ka thata.
Ntho e 'ngoe e nahanang ka li-valve tsa tšebeletso ea metsi ke khetho ea thepa ea kaho.Li-cast le ductile irons li sebelisoa haholo lits'ebetsong tsa metsi, haholo-holo melaleng e meholo e ka ntle ea bophara.Mehala e menyenyane haholo e ka ts'oaroa hantle ka lisebelisoa tsa li-valve tsa boronse.
Khatello eo li-valve tse ngata tsa metsi li e bonang hangata li ka tlase ho 200 psi.Sena se bolela hore ha ho hlokahale hore ho be le meralo e teteaneng e nang le marako a matla.Ha ho se ho boletsoe, ho na le maemo ao li-valve tsa metsi li hahiloeng ho sebetsana le likhatello tse phahameng, ho fihlela ho 300 psi.Hangata lisebelisoa tsena li holim'a likotopo tse telele tse haufi le mohloli oa khatello.Ka linako tse ling li-valve tsa metsi tse nang le khatello e phahameng le tsona li fumaneha libakeng tsa khatello e phahameng ka ho fetisisa letamong le lelelele.
Mokhatlo oa American Water Works Association (AWWA) o fane ka litlhaloso tse akaretsang mefuta e mengata e fapaneng ea li-valve le li-actuator tse sebelisoang lits'ebetsong tsa metsi.
METLISI
Lehlakore le leholo la metsi a hloekileng a nooang a kenang setsing kapa mohahong ke metsi a litšila kapa phallo ea likhoerekhoere.Mehala ena e bokella mokelikeli oohle oa litšila le lintho tse tiileng ebe o li lebisa setsing sa ho hloekisa likhoerekhoere.Litsi tsena tsa kalafo li na le liphaephe tse tlase tsa khatello e tlase le li-valve ho etsa "mosebetsi oa tsona o litšila."Litlhoko tsa li-valve tsa metsi a litšila maemong a mangata li bonolo haholo ho feta litlhoko tsa tšebeletso ea metsi a hloekileng.Heke ea tšepe le li-valve tsa ho hlahloba ke likhetho tse tsebahalang haholo bakeng sa mofuta ona oa ts'ebeletso.Li-valve tse tloaelehileng tšebeletsong ena li hahiloe ho latela litlhaloso tsa AWWA.
MATLA MACHABA
Boholo ba matla a motlakase a hlahisoang United States a hlahisoa ka limela tsa mouoane ho sebelisa mafura a mafura le li-turbine tsa lebelo le phahameng.Ho phunya sekoahelo sa setsi sa motlakase sa sejoale-joale ho tla fana ka pono ea liphaephe tse nang le khatello e phahameng ea mocheso o phahameng.Mehala ena ea mantlha ke ea bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa tšebetsong ea ho fehla matla a mouoane.
Li-valve tsa heke li lula e le khetho e ka sehloohong bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa motlakase ho / ho tima, le hoja morero o khethehileng, li-valve tsa globe tsa Y-pattern li boetse li fumanoa.Li-valve tsa bolo ea boemo bo holimo, tse sebetsang ka thata li ntse li tuma ke baqapi ba lipolante tse fehlang motlakase 'me li ntse li tsoela pele ho kena lefatšeng lena leo pele le neng le atile li-valve.
Metallurgy e bohlokoa bakeng sa li-valve ts'ebelisong ea matla, haholo-holo tse sebetsang maemong a phahameng kapa a phahameng ka ho fetesisa a khatello le mocheso.F91, F92, C12A, hammoho le li-alloys tse 'maloa tsa Inconel le tšepe e sa hloekang li sebelisoa hangata lifemeng tsa kajeno tsa motlakase.Lihlopha tsa khatello li kenyelletsa 1500, 2500 le maemong a mang 4500. Sebopeho sa modulating sa lisebelisoa tsa matla a holimo (tse sebetsang feela ha ho hlokahala) li boetse li beha khatello e kholo ho li-valve le liphaephe, tse hlokang meralo e matla ho sebetsana le motsoako o feteletseng oa libaesekele, mocheso le khatello.
Ntle le li-valve tse ka sehloohong tsa mouoane, limela tsa motlakase li na le liphaephe tse tlatselletsang, tse nang le liheke tse ngata, globe, cheke, serurubele le li-valve tsa bolo.
Litsi tsa matla a nyutlelie li sebetsa ho latela molao-motheo o tšoanang oa mouoane/lebelo le phahameng.Phapang ea mantlha ke hore setsing sa ho fehla matla a nyutlelie, mouoane o etsoa ke mocheso o tsoang tšebetsong ea ho fission.Li-valve tsa semela sa matla a nyutlelie li tšoana le bo-motsoala ba bona ba fetisoang ka mesaletsa ea lintho tsa khale, ntle le leloko la bona le tlhokahalo e eketsehileng ea ho tšepahala ka ho feletseng.Li-valve tsa nyutlelie li entsoe ka maemo a holimo haholo, 'me litokomane tse tšoanelehang le tsa tlhahlobo li tlatsa makholo a maqephe.
TLHALOSO EA OLI LE GASE
Liliba tsa oli le khase le lisebelisoa tsa tlhahiso ke basebelisi ba boima ba li-valve, ho kenyelletsa le li-valve tse ngata tse boima.Le hoja ho ke ke ha hlola ho e-ba bonolo hore oli e hlatsellang sebaka sa limithara tse makholo moeeng e be teng, setšoantšo sena se bontša khatello e ka bang teng ka tlas'a lefatše le khase.Ke ka lebaka leo lihlooho tsa liliba kapa lifate tsa Keresemese li behoang ka holim'a phala e telele ea seliba.Likopano tsena, ka motsoako oa tsona oa li-valve le lisebelisoa tse khethehileng, li etselitsoe ho sebetsana le likhatello tse ka holimo ho 10,000 psi.Le hoja e sa fumanehe ka seoelo lilibeng tse chekiloeng mobung matsatsing ana, likhatello tse phahameng haholo hangata li fumanoa lilibeng tse tebileng tsa maoatle.
Moralo oa lisebelisoa tsa Wellhead o koahetsoe ke lintlha tsa API tse kang 6A, Specification for Wellhead le Thepa ea Sefate sa Keresemese.Li-valve tse koahetsoeng ka 6A li etselitsoe likhatello tse phahameng haholo empa mocheso o itekanetseng.Lifate tse ngata tsa Keresemese li na le li-valve tsa heke le li-valve tse khethehileng tsa globe tse bitsoang chokes.Lik'hemik'hale li sebelisetsoa ho laola ho phalla ho tsoa selibeng.
Ntle le liliba ka botsona, lisebelisoa tse ngata tse tlatselletsang li na le sebaka sa oli kapa sa khase.Lisebelisoa tsa ho lokisa oli kapa khase esale pele li hloka li-valve tse ngata.Hangata li-valve tsena ke tšepe ea carbon e lekantsoeng bakeng sa lihlopha tse tlaase.
Ka linako tse ling, mokelikeli o senyang haholo—hydrogen sulfide—o ba teng molatsoaneng o tala oa petroleum.Thepa ena, eo hape e bitsoang khase e bolila, e ka bolaea.Ho hlola mathata a khase e bolila, lisebelisoa tse khethehileng kapa mekhoa ea ho lokisa thepa ho latela litlhaloso tsa NACE International MR0175 e tlameha ho lateloa.
TS'ELISO MOFANE
Mekhoa ea liphaephe bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa oli ea offshore le lisebelisoa tsa tlhahiso li na le li-valve tse ngata tse hahiloeng ka litlhaloso tse ngata tse fapaneng ho sebetsana le mathata a mangata a ho laola phallo.Mehaho ena e boetse e na le li-loops tse fapaneng tsa tsamaiso ea taolo le lisebelisoa tsa ho imolla khatello.
Bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa tlhahiso ea oli, pelo ea arterial ke sistimi ea 'nete ea ho khutlisa oli kapa khase.Le hoja e se kamehla sethaleng ka boeona, mekhoa e mengata ea tlhahiso e sebelisa lifate tsa Keresemese le lisebelisoa tsa liphaephe tse sebetsang ka botebo bo tebileng ba maoto a 10,000 kapa ho feta.Thepa ena ea tlhahiso e hahiloe ho latela litekanyetso tse ngata tse nepahetseng tsa American Petroleum Institute (API) 'me ho buuoa ka mekhoa e mengata e khothalelitsoeng ea API (RPs).
Litaleng tse ngata tse kholo tsa oli, lits'ebetso tse eketsehileng li sebelisoa ho mokelikeli o tala o tsoang selibeng.Tsena li kenyelletsa ho arola metsi ho li-hydrocarbon le ho arola likhase le likhase tsa tlhaho ho tsoa mokelikeli.Lisebelisoa tsena tsa liphaephe tsa sefate sa Keresemese ka kakaretso li hahiloe ho American Society of Mechanical Engineers B31.3 li-piping codes tse nang le li-valve tse entsoeng ho latela litlhaloso tsa li-valve tsa API tse kang API 594, API 600, API 602, API 608 le API 609.
Tse ling tsa litsamaiso tsena li kanna tsa ba le heke ea API 6D, bolo le li-valve tsa ho hlahloba.Kaha liphaephe leha e le life tse sethaleng kapa sekepe sa ho phunya li ka hare ho setsi, litlhoko tse tiileng tsa ho sebelisa li-valve tsa API 6D bakeng sa liphaephe ha li sebetse.Le hoja mefuta e mengata ea li-valve e sebelisoa mekhoeng ena ea liphaephe, mofuta oa khetho ea li-valve ke valve ea bolo.
LIPHAPHAPE
Le hoja liphaephe tse ngata li patehile hore li se ke tsa bonoa, boteng ba tsona hangata bo bonahala.Matšoao a manyenyane a bolelang "peipi ea peterole" ke pontšo e 'ngoe e totobetseng ea boteng ba lipeipi tsa lipalangoang tse tsamaeang ka tlas'a lefatše.Liphaephe tsena li na le li-valve tse ngata tsa bohlokoa ka bolelele ba tsona.Li-valve tsa ho koala liphaephe tsa maemo a tšohanyetso li fumanoa ka linako tse itseng joalokaha ho boletsoe ke litekanyetso, likhoutu le melao.Li-valve tsena li fana ka tšebeletso ea bohlokoa ea ho arola karolo e itseng ea phaephe haeba e lutla kapa ha ho hlokahala hore ho hlokomeloe.
Ho boetse ho hasane haufi le tsela ea lipeipi ho na le lisebelisoa moo mohala o hlahang fatše le mokhoa oa ho kena oa mohala o fumanehang.Liteishene tsena ke lehae la lisebelisoa tsa ho qala "kolobe", tse nang le lisebelisoa tse kentsoeng liphaepheng ho hlahloba kapa ho hloekisa mohala.Hangata liteishene tsena tsa likolobe li na le li-valve tse 'maloa, ebang ke mefuta ea heke kapa ea bolo.Li-valve tsohle tse tsamaisong ea lipeipi li tlameha ho ba kou e felletseng (ho buloa ka botlalo) ho lumella likolobe hore li fete.
Liphaephe li boetse li hloka matla ho loantša khohlano ea lipeipi le ho boloka khatello le phallo ea mohala.Li-compressor kapa liteishene tsa ho pompa tse shebahalang eka ke mefuta e nyane ea semela sa ts'ebetso ntle le litora tse telele tse phunyehang li sebelisoa.Liteishene tsena ke lehae la li-valve tse ngata tsa heke, bolo le cheke.
Liphaephe ka botsona li entsoe ho latela litekanyetso le likhoutu tse fapaneng, ha li-valve tsa lipeipi li latela API 6D Pipeline Valves.
Ho boetse ho na le liphaephe tse nyane tse fepang matlo le meaho ea khoebo.Mehala ena e fana ka metsi le khase 'me e lebeloa ke li-valve tsa shutoff.
Limasepala tse kholo, haholo-holo karolong e ka leboea ea United States, li fana ka mouoane bakeng sa litlhoko tsa ho futhumatsa tsa bareki ba khoebo.Mehala ena ea phepelo ea mouoane e na le li-valve tse fapaneng ho laola le ho laola phepelo ea mouoane.Leha mokelikeli o le mouoane, likhatello le mocheso li tlase ho feta tse fumanoang ho fehlang mouoane oa setsi sa motlakase.Ho sebelisoa mefuta e fapaneng ea li-valve tšebeletsong ena, le hoja valve ea plug e hlomphehang e ntse e le khetho e tsebahalang.
KHAHLISO LE PETROCHEMICAL
Li-valve tsa ho hloekisa li na le tšebeliso e ngata ea li-valve tsa indasteri ho feta karolo efe kapa efe ea li-valve.Libaka tsa ho hloekisa ke lehae la maro a senyang 'me maemong a mang, mocheso o phahameng.
Lintlha tsena li laola hore na li-valve li hahoa joang ho latela litlhaloso tsa moralo oa li-valve tsa API tse kang API 600 (li-valve tsa heke), API 608 (li-valve tsa bolo) le API 594 (li-valve tsa hlahloba).Ka lebaka la ts'ebeletso e thata eo boholo ba li-valve tsena li kopanang le eona, hangata ho hlokahala tumello e eketsehileng ea kutu.Tumello ena e bonahala ka botenya bo boholo ba marako bo boletsoeng litokomaneng tsa moralo oa API.
Hoo e batlang e le mofuta o mong le o mong oa li-valve tse kholo o ka fumanoa ka bongata setsing se tloaelehileng sa tlhoekiso.Sesepa sa heke se fumanehang hohle e ntse e le morena oa leralleng le nang le baahi ba bangata ka ho fetisisa, empa li-valve tsa quarter-turn li nka karolo e kholo ea karolo ea tsona ea 'maraka.Lihlahisoa tsa kotara tse atlehileng indastering ena (eo le eona e kileng ea laoloa ke lihlahisoa tsa linear) li kenyelletsa tšebetso e phahameng ea triple offset butterfly valves le li-valve tsa bolo tse lutseng ka tšepe.
Li-valve tse tloaelehileng tsa heke, li-globe le li-check li ntse li fumanoa ka bongata, 'me ka lebaka la pelo e ntle ea moralo oa tsona le moruo oa tlhahiso, li ke ke tsa nyamela haufinyane.
Litekanyetso tsa khatello bakeng sa li-valve tsa ho hloekisa li tsamaisa papali ho tloha ho Sehlopha sa 150 ho ea ho Sehlopha sa 1500, 'me Sehlopha sa 300 se tsebahala haholo.
Litšepe tse sa bonahaleng tsa k'habone, joalo ka grade WCB (cast) le A-105 (forged) ke lisebelisoa tse tsebahalang haholo tse boletsoeng le ho sebelisoa li-valve bakeng sa ts'ebeletso ea tlhoekiso.Lisebelisoa tse ngata tsa ts'ebetso ea ho hloekisoa li sutumelletsa moeli oa mocheso o holimo oa litšepe tsa carbon tse hlakileng, 'me li-alloys tsa mocheso o phahameng li hlalositsoe bakeng sa lits'ebetso tsena.Tse tummeng ka ho fetisisa ho tsena ke litšepe tsa chrome / moly tse kang 1-1 / 4% Cr, 2-1 / 4% Cr, 5% Cr le 9% Cr.Litšepe tse sa hloekang le li-alloys tse phahameng tsa nickel li boetse li sebelisoa mekhoeng e meng e thata ea ho hloekisa.
Nako ea poso: Jul-10-2020